An activity cost driver is anything that causes a company’s variable costs to either reduce or grow. Since measuring an activity cost driver is a way to streamline the administration of managing production costs, it’s an integral part of activity-based costing.
Examples of activity-cost drivers are warehouse expenses, modifying engineering designs, and retooling, setup, and maintenance costs for machining needs. This can include higher warehouse expenses due to increased rents or leases, which add to the final amount of the product or service’s sales price. Machining costs include initial setups for initial production and ongoing maintenance costs for continued runs. If production needs to be re-engineered to different production parameters, those professional revision costs need to be added to the ultimate product or service cost calculations.
These cost drivers are used as a starting point to project the business’ operational and profitability goals through the use of activity-based costing (ABC), a type of managerial accounting.
ABC accounting is a way to determine the expenses of each output by looking at the inputs used during the company’s operations, be it power for the machinery, Information Technology (IT) needs, or labor.
It’s important to know that one variable expense can impact multiple single activity cost drivers. For example, wage costs and machining expenses can be identified as activity cost drivers in connection with production. The first step is looking at how ABC accounting can determine indirect costs.
Activity-Based Costing Illustration
A business wants to look at how its production space and its lease or real estate and property tax costs are attributable to individual widgets or services, based on the percentage dedicated to the respective product or service. If it’s not allocated properly, determining sales prices and profitability can be negatively impacted.
If a company has two product lines with the same retail prices and production quotas, with direct costs of $700 and $250, it’s important to see how the production area for each product impacts the company’s overall operations. If the first item uses 40 percent of the production area and the second item uses 60 percent of the production area, and the rent is $1,500, the rent needs to be factored in. The first item would see an additional cost of $600 plus the original $700, or a total of $1,300. The second item’s cost would be $900 for the rent and $250 for the item, or a total of $1,150. While the initial direct cost for the first item seems higher than the second item, when factoring in all costs, this time it’s still true – but that’s not always the case.
Once this has been established, and then a company receives a new order, the following illustrates how measuring an activity cost driver, such as performing maintenance on machines after a production run, will cost the company to have it ready for their next order. If it costs a company $200 for machine maintenance and it produces 1,000 widgets, a $0.20/widget cost would be factored into margins and retail pricing.
While this provides an overview of how activity cost drivers work, it is part of a comprehensive approach to how businesses measure their margins and ultimately profitability.
Defining An Activity Cost Driver
January 1, 2026 · Blog, General Business News
⏱ 3 min read
An activity cost driver is anything that causes a company’s variable costs to either reduce or grow. Since measuring an activity cost driver is a way to streamline the administration of managing production costs, it’s an integral part of activity-based costing.
Examples of activity-cost drivers are warehouse expenses, modifying engineering designs, and retooling, setup, and maintenance costs for machining needs. This can include higher warehouse expenses due to increased rents or leases, which add to the final amount of the product or service’s sales price. Machining costs include initial setups for initial production and ongoing maintenance costs for continued runs. If production needs to be re-engineered to different production parameters, those professional revision costs need to be added to the ultimate product or service cost calculations.
These cost drivers are used as a starting point to project the business’ operational and profitability goals through the use of activity-based costing (ABC), a type of managerial accounting.
ABC accounting is a way to determine the expenses of each output by looking at the inputs used during the company’s operations, be it power for the machinery, Information Technology (IT) needs, or labor.
It’s important to know that one variable expense can impact multiple single activity cost drivers. For example, wage costs and machining expenses can be identified as activity cost drivers in connection with production. The first step is looking at how ABC accounting can determine indirect costs.
Activity-Based Costing Illustration
A business wants to look at how its production space and its lease or real estate and property tax costs are attributable to individual widgets or services, based on the percentage dedicated to the respective product or service. If it’s not allocated properly, determining sales prices and profitability can be negatively impacted.
If a company has two product lines with the same retail prices and production quotas, with direct costs of $700 and $250, it’s important to see how the production area for each product impacts the company’s overall operations. If the first item uses 40 percent of the production area and the second item uses 60 percent of the production area, and the rent is $1,500, the rent needs to be factored in. The first item would see an additional cost of $600 plus the original $700, or a total of $1,300. The second item’s cost would be $900 for the rent and $250 for the item, or a total of $1,150. While the initial direct cost for the first item seems higher than the second item, when factoring in all costs, this time it’s still true – but that’s not always the case.
Once this has been established, and then a company receives a new order, the following illustrates how measuring an activity cost driver, such as performing maintenance on machines after a production run, will cost the company to have it ready for their next order. If it costs a company $200 for machine maintenance and it produces 1,000 widgets, a $0.20/widget cost would be factored into margins and retail pricing.
While this provides an overview of how activity cost drivers work, it is part of a comprehensive approach to how businesses measure their margins and ultimately profitability.
Disclaimer
These articles are intended to provide general resources for the tax and accounting needs of small businesses and individuals. Service2Client LLC is the author, but is not engaged in rendering specific legal, accounting, financial or professional advice. Service2Client LLC makes no representation that the recommendations of Service2Client LLC will achieve any result. The NSAD has not reviewed any of the Service2Client LLC content. Readers are encouraged to contact a professional regarding the topics in these articles. The images linked to these articles are protected by copyright and should not be copied for any reason.
Epstein Files Transparency Act (HR 4405) – The purpose of this bill is to require the Department of Justice to release all documents and records in its possession of investigations and court cases related to Jeffrey Epstein. Epstein was previously convicted of soliciting prostitution from an underage girl, and also faced new sex trafficking charges prior to his 2019 death in custody. The files are expected to reveal the names of other people involved in the sex trafficking scheme. The act was initially introduced by Rep. Ro Khanna (D-CA) on July 15. It was updated and passed in the House on Nov. 18, in the Senate the next day, with only one opposing vote between the two chambers. The bill was signed into law by the president on Nov. 19. The DOJ has up to 30 days to release the documents, which may be lightly redacted to protect against unwarranted invasion of privacy, such as victim names and medical data.
Continuing Appropriations, Agriculture, Legislative Branch, Military Construction and Veterans Affairs, and Extensions Act, 2026 (HR 5371) – This is the bill that ended the federal government shutdown. It includes funding for the remainder of the fiscal year for the food assistance program SNAP, the Department of Agriculture, the FDA, the military, Veterans Affairs, and Congress through Sept. 30, 2026. However, it stops short of funding approval beyond Jan. 30, 2026, for Commerce, Justice and Science (CJS); Defense, Energy and Water; Financial Services and General Government (FSGG); Homeland Security; Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies; Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education (LHHS); State, Foreign Operations and Related Programs; Transportation; and Housing and Urban Development. The continuing resolution did contain a few ancillary provisions, including mandatory backpay and rehiring of all federal employees furloughed or laid off during the shutdown. The original version of the bill was introduced on Sept. 16 by Rep. Tom Cole (R-OK). It passed in the House on Sept. 19 and failed in the Senate 14 times before a revised bill was passed on Nov. 10. The final bill, with changes, passed in the House on Nov. 12 and was signed into law on the same day.
District of Columbia Cash Bail Reform Act of 2025 (HR 5214) – This bill was introduced on Sept. 8 by Rep. Elise Stefanik (R-NY). It represents Republicans’ ongoing battle over who has jurisdiction over Washington, D.C.’s law enforcement and justice system. The bill would return to a cash bail system and require automatic detention of those charged under a wider set of offenses. The new confinement rule counters D.C.’s long-standing system of judge discretion regarding detention or supervised release. The bill passed in the House on Nov. 19 and currently lies in the Senate.
Strengthening Cyber Resilience Against State-Sponsored Threats Act (HR 2659) – This bipartisan legislation represents a federal strategy to strengthen U.S. cyber defenses to counter China’s attempts to actively target American infrastructure. Unfortunately, the bill does not apply to other hostile state-sponsored cyber actors such as Russia, Iran, or North Korea. Introduced by Rep. Andrew Ogles (R-TN) on April 7, the bill passed in the House on Nov. 17 and currently rests with the Senate.
Department of Homeland Security Vehicular Terrorism Prevention and Mitigation Act of 2025 (HR 1608) – This bipartisan bill seeks to address the rising threat of vehicle-based attacks, including the possible misuse of autonomous vehicles, rideshare platforms, and connected vehicle technologies. The legislation was introduced by Rep. Carlos Gimenez (R-FL) on Feb. 26 and passed in the House on Nov. 17. It currently awaits consideration by the Senate.
Partial Government Funding, Promoting Transparency and Protecting Against Foreign Terrorism
December 1, 2025 · Blog, Congress at Work
⏱ 3 min read
Epstein Files Transparency Act (HR 4405) – The purpose of this bill is to require the Department of Justice to release all documents and records in its possession of investigations and court cases related to Jeffrey Epstein. Epstein was previously convicted of soliciting prostitution from an underage girl, and also faced new sex trafficking charges prior to his 2019 death in custody. The files are expected to reveal the names of other people involved in the sex trafficking scheme. The act was initially introduced by Rep. Ro Khanna (D-CA) on July 15. It was updated and passed in the House on Nov. 18, in the Senate the next day, with only one opposing vote between the two chambers. The bill was signed into law by the president on Nov. 19. The DOJ has up to 30 days to release the documents, which may be lightly redacted to protect against unwarranted invasion of privacy, such as victim names and medical data.
Continuing Appropriations, Agriculture, Legislative Branch, Military Construction and Veterans Affairs, and Extensions Act, 2026 (HR 5371) – This is the bill that ended the federal government shutdown. It includes funding for the remainder of the fiscal year for the food assistance program SNAP, the Department of Agriculture, the FDA, the military, Veterans Affairs, and Congress through Sept. 30, 2026. However, it stops short of funding approval beyond Jan. 30, 2026, for Commerce, Justice and Science (CJS); Defense, Energy and Water; Financial Services and General Government (FSGG); Homeland Security; Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies; Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education (LHHS); State, Foreign Operations and Related Programs; Transportation; and Housing and Urban Development. The continuing resolution did contain a few ancillary provisions, including mandatory backpay and rehiring of all federal employees furloughed or laid off during the shutdown. The original version of the bill was introduced on Sept. 16 by Rep. Tom Cole (R-OK). It passed in the House on Sept. 19 and failed in the Senate 14 times before a revised bill was passed on Nov. 10. The final bill, with changes, passed in the House on Nov. 12 and was signed into law on the same day.
District of Columbia Cash Bail Reform Act of 2025 (HR 5214) – This bill was introduced on Sept. 8 by Rep. Elise Stefanik (R-NY). It represents Republicans’ ongoing battle over who has jurisdiction over Washington, D.C.’s law enforcement and justice system. The bill would return to a cash bail system and require automatic detention of those charged under a wider set of offenses. The new confinement rule counters D.C.’s long-standing system of judge discretion regarding detention or supervised release. The bill passed in the House on Nov. 19 and currently lies in the Senate.
Strengthening Cyber Resilience Against State-Sponsored Threats Act (HR 2659) – This bipartisan legislation represents a federal strategy to strengthen U.S. cyber defenses to counter China’s attempts to actively target American infrastructure. Unfortunately, the bill does not apply to other hostile state-sponsored cyber actors such as Russia, Iran, or North Korea. Introduced by Rep. Andrew Ogles (R-TN) on April 7, the bill passed in the House on Nov. 17 and currently rests with the Senate.
Department of Homeland Security Vehicular Terrorism Prevention and Mitigation Act of 2025 (HR 1608) – This bipartisan bill seeks to address the rising threat of vehicle-based attacks, including the possible misuse of autonomous vehicles, rideshare platforms, and connected vehicle technologies. The legislation was introduced by Rep. Carlos Gimenez (R-FL) on Feb. 26 and passed in the House on Nov. 17. It currently awaits consideration by the Senate.
Disclaimer
These articles are intended to provide general resources for the tax and accounting needs of small businesses and individuals. Service2Client LLC is the author, but is not engaged in rendering specific legal, accounting, financial or professional advice. Service2Client LLC makes no representation that the recommendations of Service2Client LLC will achieve any result. The NSAD has not reviewed any of the Service2Client LLC content. Readers are encouraged to contact a professional regarding the topics in these articles. The images linked to these articles are protected by copyright and should not be copied for any reason.
In 2024, the median household income in the United States was $83,730. However, the national average annual cost of 24-hour paid long-term care (LTC) for a retiree age 65 and older was more than $125,000, according to the Department of Health and Human Services. Moreover, one in five seniors will require care for more than five years.
Obviously, the math varies by household, but the reality is that the majority of older Americans who rely on paid caregiving will use much of their retirement savings and investments to pay for it. When considering insurance, there are presently two options: Long Term Care Insurance (LTCi) and Hybrid Life Insurance with an LTC component. Be aware that each policy offers a throng of variations and exclusions, so it is important to dig into the details of individual policies before making a decision.
Long Term Care Insurance
Purchasing a long-term care insurance policy can help offset the cost of caregiving for either in-home care (in some cases, even payouts for family caregivers) or care outside the home (e.g., adult daycare services, assisted living, memory care, nursing home). However, it’s important to understand the following about LTCi.
It can be quite expensive.
Premiums can range from $2,000 a year for a man in his 50s to more than $12,000 a year for a woman in her 70s. Furthermore, premiums increase annually until benefits begin (premiums cease while benefits are paid).
It may not cover the full cost of care.
Unless care is needed for only a few hours a day, long-term care policies generally do not cover the full cost of paid caregiving. For example, let’s say a policy pays $150 a day, but the owner needs care for eight hours a day. His in-home caregiver charges $30 an hour. That means his cost is $240 a day, so he’ll have to pay the additional $90 a day out of his own pocket. That’s
up to $2,790 a month or $32,850 a year. So, while LTCi can help defray the cost, someone who needs extensive care must have other assets to cover the rest of the cost. For an elderly person who needs 24-hour home care, the cost can be exponential.
Many new policies cover only a handful of years.
When you purchase an LTCi policy, you choose from various options that increase or decrease your premium. For example, coverage periods may range from two years to five years to life. You may also select a waiting period before coverage begins after purchase, which could range from 30 days to 365 days. The longer the wait period, the lower the premium. If you have an immediate need for coverage, you might be denied coverage altogether. That is why it’s best to purchase coverage when you are younger (50s) and presumably healthy.
You don’t get to choose when to start benefits.
LTCi coverage doesn’t kick in until you qualify, which generally means you are no longer able to independently conduct some or all of the prescribed daily living activities. The five primary qualifiers are bathing, going to the toilet, dressing yourself, feeding yourself, and the ability to move from bed to chair/wheelchair. Qualification to begin taking LTCi benefits usually requires physician verification.
The downside of a standalone LTCi policy is that it is a “use-it-or-lose-it” type of contract, much like auto or homeowner’s insurance. In other words, you may pay for it for decades but never actually use it, so all the premiums paid are lost.
Hybrid Life/Long Term Care Insurance
On the other hand, a hybrid insurance policy will pay out some portion of unused proceeds to beneficiaries upon the death of the policyowner. A hybrid policy is basically a life insurance policy with an LTCi rider or an accelerated benefit clause, which, either way, means it will cost more.
First and foremost, it works just like life insurance – once the owner passes away, the beneficiary receives a payout. However, if the owner needs money to pay for long-term care while he is still alive, he can tap the rider or life insurance payout to pay for the care. Then, when he passes away, his heirs receive any amount of the unused proceeds. With this type of policy, the owner doesn’t pay for LTCi coverage he does not need, but it’s available if he does need it.
Premiums for a hybrid policy, like any life insurance, depend on the age, gender, health, and amount of insurance proceeds desired, as well as any additional charge for the LTCi rider. Some policies include LTC benefits as a standard feature.
Employer-Sponsored Benefit
If your employer offers long-term care insurance as a voluntary benefit, it’s worth considering because group rates are generally cheaper than on the individual market. However, while employer-sponsored LTCi policies are usually portable – meaning you can keep paying for it after you leave your employer – your premiums may increase when no longer part of the group policy.
As always, reach out to a professional when it comes to planning for you and your family’s future care.
Long Term Care Insurance Options
December 1, 2025 · Blog, Financial Planning
⏱ 5 min read
In 2024, the median household income in the United States was $83,730. However, the national average annual cost of 24-hour paid long-term care (LTC) for a retiree age 65 and older was more than $125,000, according to the Department of Health and Human Services. Moreover, one in five seniors will require care for more than five years.
Obviously, the math varies by household, but the reality is that the majority of older Americans who rely on paid caregiving will use much of their retirement savings and investments to pay for it. When considering insurance, there are presently two options: Long Term Care Insurance (LTCi) and Hybrid Life Insurance with an LTC component. Be aware that each policy offers a throng of variations and exclusions, so it is important to dig into the details of individual policies before making a decision.
Long Term Care Insurance
Purchasing a long-term care insurance policy can help offset the cost of caregiving for either in-home care (in some cases, even payouts for family caregivers) or care outside the home (e.g., adult daycare services, assisted living, memory care, nursing home). However, it’s important to understand the following about LTCi.
It can be quite expensive.
Premiums can range from $2,000 a year for a man in his 50s to more than $12,000 a year for a woman in her 70s. Furthermore, premiums increase annually until benefits begin (premiums cease while benefits are paid).
It may not cover the full cost of care.
Unless care is needed for only a few hours a day, long-term care policies generally do not cover the full cost of paid caregiving. For example, let’s say a policy pays $150 a day, but the owner needs care for eight hours a day. His in-home caregiver charges $30 an hour. That means his cost is $240 a day, so he’ll have to pay the additional $90 a day out of his own pocket. That’s
up to $2,790 a month or $32,850 a year. So, while LTCi can help defray the cost, someone who needs extensive care must have other assets to cover the rest of the cost. For an elderly person who needs 24-hour home care, the cost can be exponential.
Many new policies cover only a handful of years.
When you purchase an LTCi policy, you choose from various options that increase or decrease your premium. For example, coverage periods may range from two years to five years to life. You may also select a waiting period before coverage begins after purchase, which could range from 30 days to 365 days. The longer the wait period, the lower the premium. If you have an immediate need for coverage, you might be denied coverage altogether. That is why it’s best to purchase coverage when you are younger (50s) and presumably healthy.
You don’t get to choose when to start benefits.
LTCi coverage doesn’t kick in until you qualify, which generally means you are no longer able to independently conduct some or all of the prescribed daily living activities. The five primary qualifiers are bathing, going to the toilet, dressing yourself, feeding yourself, and the ability to move from bed to chair/wheelchair. Qualification to begin taking LTCi benefits usually requires physician verification.
The downside of a standalone LTCi policy is that it is a “use-it-or-lose-it” type of contract, much like auto or homeowner’s insurance. In other words, you may pay for it for decades but never actually use it, so all the premiums paid are lost.
Hybrid Life/Long Term Care Insurance
On the other hand, a hybrid insurance policy will pay out some portion of unused proceeds to beneficiaries upon the death of the policyowner. A hybrid policy is basically a life insurance policy with an LTCi rider or an accelerated benefit clause, which, either way, means it will cost more.
First and foremost, it works just like life insurance – once the owner passes away, the beneficiary receives a payout. However, if the owner needs money to pay for long-term care while he is still alive, he can tap the rider or life insurance payout to pay for the care. Then, when he passes away, his heirs receive any amount of the unused proceeds. With this type of policy, the owner doesn’t pay for LTCi coverage he does not need, but it’s available if he does need it.
Premiums for a hybrid policy, like any life insurance, depend on the age, gender, health, and amount of insurance proceeds desired, as well as any additional charge for the LTCi rider. Some policies include LTC benefits as a standard feature.
Employer-Sponsored Benefit
If your employer offers long-term care insurance as a voluntary benefit, it’s worth considering because group rates are generally cheaper than on the individual market. However, while employer-sponsored LTCi policies are usually portable – meaning you can keep paying for it after you leave your employer – your premiums may increase when no longer part of the group policy.
As always, reach out to a professional when it comes to planning for you and your family’s future care.
Disclaimer
These articles are intended to provide general resources for the tax and accounting needs of small businesses and individuals. Service2Client LLC is the author, but is not engaged in rendering specific legal, accounting, financial or professional advice. Service2Client LLC makes no representation that the recommendations of Service2Client LLC will achieve any result. The NSAD has not reviewed any of the Service2Client LLC content. Readers are encouraged to contact a professional regarding the topics in these articles. The images linked to these articles are protected by copyright and should not be copied for any reason.
Giving to charity is good for a couple of reasons. First, giving to organizations you believe in is intrinsically good – for them and for you. When we give, the “love hormone” oxytocin is released. Second, giving can reduce your taxable income, which also might make you feel pretty good. But here are a few things to know before you start doling out your cash.
Make sure you give to an IRS-recognized charity. More specifically, it must be a tax-exempt organization that is defined by section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code, which includes entities like religious organizations, the Red Cross, nonprofit educational agencies, museums, volunteer fire companies, and organizations that maintain public parks. Most importantly, you must not have received anything in return for your gift. So before you give, make sure you verify your organization with this handy IRS tool. It’s super important to do this before you donate, and be sure to ask how much of your contribution will be tax-deductible. This is key.
Gifts to family and friends don’t count. As much as you’d like to gift perhaps a worthy nephew, these amounts are not tax-deductible. In fact, if they exceed a certain amount, they could be subject to a gift tax.
Deductions have a cap. Generally, you can deduct up to 60 percent of your adjusted gross income via charitable donations (for cash donations). That said, you may be limited to 20 percent, 30 percent or 50 percent, depending on the type of contribution and the organization. Examples of limited contributions include non-cash gifts, private-foundation gifts, etc. This deduction limit applies to all the donations you make during the year, no matter how many organizations you give to.
Exceeding your limit. If you go over the 60 percent limit of your adjusted gross income, the amount can be deducted from your tax returns over the next five years, or when the money’s gone. This process is known as a carryover. Good news for those who are generous.
Deductions for non-itemizers & itemizers. Specifically, for the 2025 tax year (taxes that are due by April 15, 2026), you’ll have to pivot and itemize to deduct your charitable contributions and get the tax break.
But for the 2026 tax year (taxes due April 15, 2027), the rules change for both types:
If you don’t itemize on your tax return, you can deduct up to $1,000 (single) or $2,000 (married filing jointly) in charitable contributions. This means you can take an above-the-line deduction for the 2026 tax year on the tax return that you’ll file in 2027.
If you do itemize on your tax return, you must donate an aggregate total of at least 0.5 percent of your adjusted gross income to charity to claim the deduction. Only the portion of your total charitable donations that exceeds 0.5 percent is deductible.
Making sure you follow these guidelines will ensure that you can realize your well-deserved deductions and tax breaks. If you have other questions about charitable giving, consult your tax professional. They’ll know all the ins and outs of charitable giving and keep you secure moving forward.
Sources
Tax-Deductible Donations: 2025-2026 Rules for Giving to Charity – NerdWallet
5 Rules for Giving to Charity
December 1, 2025 · Blog, Tip of the Month
⏱ 3 min read
Giving to charity is good for a couple of reasons. First, giving to organizations you believe in is intrinsically good – for them and for you. When we give, the “love hormone” oxytocin is released. Second, giving can reduce your taxable income, which also might make you feel pretty good. But here are a few things to know before you start doling out your cash.
Make sure you give to an IRS-recognized charity. More specifically, it must be a tax-exempt organization that is defined by section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code, which includes entities like religious organizations, the Red Cross, nonprofit educational agencies, museums, volunteer fire companies, and organizations that maintain public parks. Most importantly, you must not have received anything in return for your gift. So before you give, make sure you verify your organization with this handy IRS tool. It’s super important to do this before you donate, and be sure to ask how much of your contribution will be tax-deductible. This is key.
Gifts to family and friends don’t count. As much as you’d like to gift perhaps a worthy nephew, these amounts are not tax-deductible. In fact, if they exceed a certain amount, they could be subject to a gift tax.
Deductions have a cap. Generally, you can deduct up to 60 percent of your adjusted gross income via charitable donations (for cash donations). That said, you may be limited to 20 percent, 30 percent or 50 percent, depending on the type of contribution and the organization. Examples of limited contributions include non-cash gifts, private-foundation gifts, etc. This deduction limit applies to all the donations you make during the year, no matter how many organizations you give to.
Exceeding your limit. If you go over the 60 percent limit of your adjusted gross income, the amount can be deducted from your tax returns over the next five years, or when the money’s gone. This process is known as a carryover. Good news for those who are generous.
Deductions for non-itemizers & itemizers. Specifically, for the 2025 tax year (taxes that are due by April 15, 2026), you’ll have to pivot and itemize to deduct your charitable contributions and get the tax break.
But for the 2026 tax year (taxes due April 15, 2027), the rules change for both types:
If you don’t itemize on your tax return, you can deduct up to $1,000 (single) or $2,000 (married filing jointly) in charitable contributions. This means you can take an above-the-line deduction for the 2026 tax year on the tax return that you’ll file in 2027.
If you do itemize on your tax return, you must donate an aggregate total of at least 0.5 percent of your adjusted gross income to charity to claim the deduction. Only the portion of your total charitable donations that exceeds 0.5 percent is deductible.
Making sure you follow these guidelines will ensure that you can realize your well-deserved deductions and tax breaks. If you have other questions about charitable giving, consult your tax professional. They’ll know all the ins and outs of charitable giving and keep you secure moving forward.
Sources
Tax-Deductible Donations: 2025-2026 Rules for Giving to Charity – NerdWallet
Disclaimer
These articles are intended to provide general resources for the tax and accounting needs of small businesses and individuals. Service2Client LLC is the author, but is not engaged in rendering specific legal, accounting, financial or professional advice. Service2Client LLC makes no representation that the recommendations of Service2Client LLC will achieve any result. The NSAD has not reviewed any of the Service2Client LLC content. Readers are encouraged to contact a professional regarding the topics in these articles. The images linked to these articles are protected by copyright and should not be copied for any reason.
According to the May 2019 Financial Stability Report from the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, there was more than $15 billion in outstanding commercial credit. While there are many ways companies can obtain funding, additional paid-in-capital (APIC) is one way to accomplish this goal.
Defining APIC
This term refers to the gap between a share’s par value and the distribution price. If an investor pays more than what the company sets for its IPO price offer, that is what determines APIC.
Defining Par Value
Par value is the initial offer price a publicly traded company decides to offer shares to investors during its initial public offering (IPO) on exchanges. Depending on the actual initial price for an IPO, it can be done for publicity reasons, to reduce litigation risks and to aid in improving shareholder return on investment.
Market Value
Based on how well a publicly traded company performs, this is the prevailing price that investors assign to the share price, which varies dynamically.
Determining APIC
Calculating APIC is done as follows:
APIC = (Issue Price – Par Value) x Number of Shares Acquired by Investors
If a company establishes a stock price of $2 per share, investors can decide to bid up each share price to $3 or $7 or $20 via their purchases. If there are 2 million shares outstanding selling for a total of $44 million, the excess of $40 million (beyond the $4 million in par value) is the APIC.
Based on these circumstances, a company’s balance sheet should have the following entries:
– $4 million (paid-in-capital)
– $40 million (additional paid-in-capital)
When accounting for these stock purchases in this scenario, APIC is recorded on the balance sheet under the shareholder equity (SE) section. This can be seen as increasing a company’s bottom line because it results in them receiving additional cash from stockholders.
When it comes to recording the journal entry, the total cash generated by the IPO is recorded as an asset (debit) on the balance sheet, while the common stock and APIC are recorded as equity (credits).
Utility
The utility metric can yield a considerable amount of a business’ share capital, prior to retained earnings starting to accumulate. It helps provide a financial cushion for the company if retained earnings demonstrate a shortfall.
Companies that issue shares permit the business to not increase its fixed costs. Since this method is chosen instead of issuing bonds, there are no interest payments due to buyers of the bonds. Investors are not due any payments, including no dividend obligations. Business assets are also not subject to investor claims. Once shares are issued to investors, the generated funds are non-restricted, so the company can direct the funds as necessary.
APIC lets businesses produce money without any required assets backing the transaction. Depending on the company’s future performance, buying stock at the IPO can generate massive returns.
Further considerations
When there are additional share offerings post IPO, either common or preferred shares, the APIC levels may grow, necessitating them to be documented on the business’s financial statements. If share repurchases are made, levels can be decreased.
While each business has many options to raise money, if a company uses this method, it’s important to ensure that they are accounted for properly. As always, contact a professional to ensure the best personalized advice.
How to Account for Additional Paid-in-Capital (APIC)
December 1, 2025 · Accounting News, Blog
⏱ 3 min read
According to the May 2019 Financial Stability Report from the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, there was more than $15 billion in outstanding commercial credit. While there are many ways companies can obtain funding, additional paid-in-capital (APIC) is one way to accomplish this goal.
Defining APIC
This term refers to the gap between a share’s par value and the distribution price. If an investor pays more than what the company sets for its IPO price offer, that is what determines APIC.
Defining Par Value
Par value is the initial offer price a publicly traded company decides to offer shares to investors during its initial public offering (IPO) on exchanges. Depending on the actual initial price for an IPO, it can be done for publicity reasons, to reduce litigation risks and to aid in improving shareholder return on investment.
Market Value
Based on how well a publicly traded company performs, this is the prevailing price that investors assign to the share price, which varies dynamically.
Determining APIC
Calculating APIC is done as follows:
APIC = (Issue Price – Par Value) x Number of Shares Acquired by Investors
If a company establishes a stock price of $2 per share, investors can decide to bid up each share price to $3 or $7 or $20 via their purchases. If there are 2 million shares outstanding selling for a total of $44 million, the excess of $40 million (beyond the $4 million in par value) is the APIC.
Based on these circumstances, a company’s balance sheet should have the following entries:
– $4 million (paid-in-capital)
– $40 million (additional paid-in-capital)
When accounting for these stock purchases in this scenario, APIC is recorded on the balance sheet under the shareholder equity (SE) section. This can be seen as increasing a company’s bottom line because it results in them receiving additional cash from stockholders.
When it comes to recording the journal entry, the total cash generated by the IPO is recorded as an asset (debit) on the balance sheet, while the common stock and APIC are recorded as equity (credits).
Utility
The utility metric can yield a considerable amount of a business’ share capital, prior to retained earnings starting to accumulate. It helps provide a financial cushion for the company if retained earnings demonstrate a shortfall.
Companies that issue shares permit the business to not increase its fixed costs. Since this method is chosen instead of issuing bonds, there are no interest payments due to buyers of the bonds. Investors are not due any payments, including no dividend obligations. Business assets are also not subject to investor claims. Once shares are issued to investors, the generated funds are non-restricted, so the company can direct the funds as necessary.
APIC lets businesses produce money without any required assets backing the transaction. Depending on the company’s future performance, buying stock at the IPO can generate massive returns.
Further considerations
When there are additional share offerings post IPO, either common or preferred shares, the APIC levels may grow, necessitating them to be documented on the business’s financial statements. If share repurchases are made, levels can be decreased.
While each business has many options to raise money, if a company uses this method, it’s important to ensure that they are accounted for properly. As always, contact a professional to ensure the best personalized advice.
Disclaimer
These articles are intended to provide general resources for the tax and accounting needs of small businesses and individuals. Service2Client LLC is the author, but is not engaged in rendering specific legal, accounting, financial or professional advice. Service2Client LLC makes no representation that the recommendations of Service2Client LLC will achieve any result. The NSAD has not reviewed any of the Service2Client LLC content. Readers are encouraged to contact a professional regarding the topics in these articles. The images linked to these articles are protected by copyright and should not be copied for any reason.
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